Physical property measurement, Chemical analysis and testing, Sampling methods, Specimen preparation, Moisture measurement, Water content determination, Mechanical properties of fluids, Gels, Gelation, Penetration tests, Viscosity measurement, Pipettes, Softening-point determination, Setting, Test equipment, Agitation, pH measurement, Ash determination, Grease, Fat content determination, Foaming power, Test specimens, Life (durability), Microbiological-resistance tests